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Initiatives aiming to reform the Electoral College in the United States of America
Forejtová, Markéta ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof Přemysl (referee)
Bakalářská práce - Markéta Forejtová Abstract This thesis deals with initiatives to reform the Electoral College in the United States of America. The main goal of this thesis is to compare these initiatives and reflect their representativeness of election results. That means to evaluate how these initiatives assess individual votes cast. The main method used in this thesis is comparative analysis. This thesis is divided into four sections, with the first one briefly describing the creation of the Electoral College, as well as changes to its functioning until today. In the second part, controversial cases of presidential elections in the years 2000 and 2016 are described. The third part includes a description and comparison of the initiatives to reform the Electoral College, including their positive and negative aspects based on the criteria of individual vote reflection. To allow a more precise comparison, a hypothetical model of election results was created for each of the initiatives based on the 2016 presidential election. The fourth part explains the implementation of these potential reforms into U.S. law. This thesis comes to a conclusion that direct election of the president is the initiative that reflects the individual votes most precisely. In case of the proportional plan, the election of 2016...
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Proportionality of the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies
Kohlová, Barbora ; Antoš, Marek (advisor) ; Horák, Filip (referee)
Proportionality of the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies Abstract Proportional system allocates to a party a percentage of seats equal to the percentage of the votes received in the election. Because of the indivisibility of seats and in the interest of the functionality of the elected body, full proportionality can never be achieved. However, its level can be significantly influenced by manipulating the variables of the electoral system. Because of the contradiction with the principles of proportional representation and the principle of equality required by the Constitution the Constitutional Court in its decision Pl. ÚS 44/2017 just eight months before the elections, it repealed important provisions of the Act on Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic, in particular the electoral formula and the additive closing clause for coalitions. Due to the upcoming elections to the Chamber of Deputies, Parliament was forced to quickly adopt a compromising amendment. The main goal of this thesis is to determine whether this amendment, adopted as Act No. 189/2021 Coll., which replaced the existing D'Hondt method with a non-traditional Imperiali quota and introduced a second, nationwide, scrutiny to redistribute the remaining votes, fulfilled the requirements of the Constitutional Court and...
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The Austrian electoral law reform 2007: An Experiment and inspiration?
Uhlich, Tereza ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Dimitrov, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the Austrian electoral reform of 2007, which included the lowering of the voting age from 18 to 16 years. Lowering the voting age has resonated in Austrian society since the 1990s. As a rule, it was promoted by the left-wing parties, while the right-wing parties opposed it. Gradually, in a total of five federal states, it was possible to lower the age limit at the municipal or state level. At the federal level, the situation was different. The implementation was possible due to a political calculation between the governing parties, when the SPÖ's proposal to lower the voting age was exchanged for that of the ÖVP, which advocated the introduction of postal voting options for all Austrians. The proposal was finally approved by all political parties in the parliament. Although the lowering of the voting age was approved without much attention, it caused the creation of many projects, thanks to which it was possible to maintain the interest of young people in politics.
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Reform of the electoral law for the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in 2021
Bartoš, Adam ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the development of the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, and especially with the reform of the electoral law that took place in 2021. The aim is to find out whether and to what extent the reform of the electoral law has changed the existing situation in terms of proportionality. Another objective is to apply the individual proposals of the Electoral Law to the results of the elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic and thus analyse the individual proposals and their potential consequences on the results of the elections from the perspective of proportionality. The result of the work will be an assessment of the individual proposals of the electoral law reform for the Czech Republic.
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Changes in the voting law in the state of Texas and their impact on the electorate
Rambousková, Markéta ; Dopieralla, Jakub (advisor) ; Drašar, Michael (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of changes in the electoral system of state Texas and their potential impact on its' electorate. This thesis describes the historical context of the voting law, as well as the current situation regarding this matter. It also presents the most important statutory changes that exist on the federal level of the voting law and also the demographics of the state of Texas to better illustrate the social context. In particular, greater attention is given to two specific aspects of the voting law, namely Absentee Ballot and voter identification laws, the so-called Voter ID Laws. These aspects of voting rights have begun to re-emerge at the forefront of the voting rights debate as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated 2020 U.S. presidential election. Both of these phenomena are described in terms of their current regulation in the state of Texas and their potential impact on the electorate. The thesis concludes that both of these aspects of suffrage exist in Texas in a fairly strict form. In doing so, according to the researches mentioned, the absence of such statutory regulation, or its change, could theoretically lead to increased voter turnout and thus expand access to the franchise to other eligible voters. At the same time, however, it has become...
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Representation of National Minorities in the Parliaments of the Post-Yugoslav States
Ďurišová, Johana ; Höfer, Karel (advisor) ; Šárovec, Daniel (referee)
Skúmanie štátov bývalej Juhoslávie je vďaka nesustále pretrvávajúcemu napätiu a sporom medzi jednotlivými etnickým skupinami naďalej aktuálnou témou. Nesporne dôležitým faktorom pri zmierňovaní medzietnického napätia je inkluzívna politika voči národnostným menšinám, ktorá môže predchádzať pocitu vylúčenia a marginalizácii menšinových záujmov najmä legálnou podporou reprezentácie národnostných menšín v parlamente. Takáto forma reprezentácia dáva národnostnej menšine možnosť podieľať sa na tvorbe politiky, rozhodovacom procese a deľbe moci a získať sebavedomie, že jej záujmy sú zastupované. Práve reprezentácia národnostných menšín v štátoch bývalej Juhoslávie je vpredmetom výskumu tejto bakalárskej práce, pričom na reprezentáciu je nahliadané najmä z hľadiska toho, akým spôsobom získavajú národnostné menšiny kreslá v parlamente a aký vplyv má volebný systém a jeho špecifické opatrenia na výsledné zastúpenie národnostných menšín v legislatívnom orgáne. Hlavným cieľom práce je tieto podmienky nadobúdania deskriptívnej reprezentácie navzájom porovnať a zároveň porovnať vplyv jednotlivých volebných systémov a špeciálnych opatrení využívaných v danej oblasti na mieru zastúpenia národnostných menšín v jednotlivých parlamentoch. Pre porovnanie daných reálii je využívaná komparatívna metóda. V úvode práce sú...
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The electroral system for the Chamber of Deputies of Czech Republic: genesis, evolution and its future direction
Peškar, Michal ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Antoš, Marek (referee)
This final thesis deals with electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. Its genesis, evolution and future are presented in 3 chapters and in the Conclusion. Work is designed as a case-study and it employs two methods - from general to particular, and from earlier to later. These methods are used in whole work as well as in particular chapters and subchapters. The first chapter introduces readers to the issue of electoral system in general. There are described two main voting systems - proportional and majority vote. Stress is put to the proportional system which has used for elections to the Chamber of Deputies. Also the question "which electoral system is the best" is mentioned. Following chapter surveys history of the electoral system and evolution from its establishment to the present. Main part of this chapter deals with a reform introduced in the year 2000 which was declared by the Constitutional Court as unconstitutional. New law, instead of blank spaces after the decision of the Constitutional Court, was adopted in the year 2002 and since that it has been valid till the present. The third chapter presents proposals of electoral reform from the year 2008 prepared by a group of experts on the basis of political assignment of contemporary Government....
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Elected representatives in municipal elections (case study of Kolín district)
Havlín, Brian ; Bednářová, Hana (advisor) ; Perlín, Radim (referee)
Elected representatives in municipal elections (case study of Kolín district) Abstract This thesis deals with the theme of municipal elections, specifically analysing the final positions of candidates and the elected mayors emerged from the vote in the municipal elections in 2014 according to the size of the groups of municipalities, using the district of Kolín as an example. Author focuses particularly on the candidature to the municipal councils and related electoral participation. The characteristics of elected representatives were also examined. Two hypotheses were proposed - H1: the competitiveness of elections increases with the increasing size of the municipality and H2: voter turnout is related to interest in the candidacy (number of candidates for the mandate). The thesis uses data available from the Czech Statistical Office and BISNODE company. The results show that the mayors were usually found on top of the candidate list and came from the winning party. Compared with the national average, larger amount of mayors upheld their position. Furthermore, it was found that voter turnout is not related so much to the number of candidates for a number of mandates, rather it is related to the number of candidates for a council to the number of inhabitants. The hypothesis that the competitiveness of...
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Mixed member proportional representation in New Zealand
Trávníček, Matěj ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee) ; Šedo, Jakub (referee)
The thesis is about New Zealand House of Representatives electoral system. In introductory part is briefly presented the political system of New Zealand. Then is currently used electoral system, its genesis and impacts of transition from the first past the post to mixed member proportional system researched. Thesis is in its effort focusing on segments of electoral system and trying to identify its problematic points and to introduce alternative electoral system proposed to the electors in referenda. The thesis is using the electoral studies methods, especially quantitative measuring of attributes of electoral system and party structure within the House of Representatives. Implementation of mixed member proportional electoral system returned New Zealand towards highly proportional electoral results and raised the number of relevant political parties and thus created the praxis of coalition and minority cabinets. Transition to mixed member proportional electoral system, which occurred as a result of referenda, also helped to solve a certain crisis of polity perception connected to first past the post system, which was that time in use. In New Zealand there is currently a high emphasis on expertise and public involvement in the matters of electoral system and contrary only a small part is played by political...
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